操作方法
主動(dòng)語態(tài)與被動(dòng)語態(tài)的區(qū)別:
主語是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者為主動(dòng)語態(tài)
例:He killed her(他殺了她)
主語是動(dòng)作的接受者為被動(dòng)語態(tài)
例:She was killed by him(她被他殺了)
被動(dòng)語態(tài)的形成
在16種時(shí)態(tài)中,有幾種時(shí)態(tài)沒有或無法形成被動(dòng)語態(tài),因此現(xiàn)代英語中常用的被動(dòng)語態(tài)只有10種,如下圖:
分別舉例說明:
一般時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài):主語 + be/is/sre + p.p(動(dòng)詞的過去分詞,下同)
例:He is lovedby everyone.(他受到大家的愛戴)
例:I am askedto study hard.(我被要求努力學(xué)習(xí))
一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài):主語 + was + P.P
例:The book was written by him.(這本書是他寫的)
例:He was seen dancing yesterday.(他昨天跳舞被看到了)
一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài):主語 + will be +P.P
例:The naughty boy will be punished by his mother.(這個(gè)頑皮的男孩會(huì)被他媽媽懲罰)
例:He will be elected president next year.(下一年他將會(huì)被選為)
一般過去將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài):主語 + would be + P.P
例:He said he would be dispatched to Syria.(他說他會(huì)被派遣到敘利亞)
進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài):主語 + be/is/are being + P.P
例:Prisoners are being judged.(犯人正在被審判)
例:My bike is being repaired. (我的自行車正在修理當(dāng)中)
過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài):主語 + was/were being + P.P
例:The stadium was being built that time.(那時(shí)體育場(chǎng)正在建設(shè)當(dāng)中)
完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài):主語 + have/has been + P.P
例:This book has been translated into many languages.(這本書被翻譯成很多語言)
過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài):主語 + had been + P.P
例:The hostages had been released when police arrived(警察到時(shí)人質(zhì)已經(jīng)被釋放了)
將來完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài):主語 + will + have been + P.P
例:He will have been judged by the time you arrived.
過去將來完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài):主語 + would have been + P.P
例:I said that some delicious sandwiches would have been made by the time we got back.(我說了我們回來時(shí)美味的三明治已經(jīng)做好了)
注意:
① 帶有助動(dòng)詞的句子轉(zhuǎn)化為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),這些助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)新主語做相應(yīng)的變化,例:
主動(dòng):We shall not use the washing machine again.
被動(dòng):The washing machine will not be used again.
(洗衣機(jī)不能再用了)
② 帶有雙賓語的授予動(dòng)詞,其被動(dòng)語態(tài)有兩種,當(dāng)直接賓語作為主語時(shí),間接賓語前面加上相應(yīng)的介詞(to/for/of/on)。例:
I gave him a book. (主動(dòng))
He was given a book by me. (被動(dòng))
A book was given to him by me.(被動(dòng))
(我給了他一本書)
那么什么情況下使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)呢?
聲明:本網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容旨在傳播知識(shí),若有侵權(quán)等問題請(qǐng)及時(shí)與本網(wǎng)聯(lián)系,我們將在第一時(shí)間刪除處理。TEL:177 7030 7066 E-MAIL:11247931@qq.com